Determinants of Migration from Africa to EU: Empirical Evidence of Geopolitical and Political Factors

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Nahid Anaraki, Robert Lloyd

Abstract

this paper serves as a multi-disciplinary study as it not only attempts to identify the most important determinants of emigration from Africa to EU, but also analyzes the EU laws and regulations and loopholes that have caused border control failure in the past decade. We use quantitative research methodology and panel data to cast light on the topic and to measure the elasticities of migration from Africa to EU to economic and political factors such as poverty, corruption, terrorism, militarization, fragility of the state and violence in the origin country compared to fundamentals such as business cycles and job opportunities in the destination. The paper contributes to the literature by investigating the push factors and pull factors that moderate emigration destination choice. Contrary to the general findings in the literature, we find that geopolitical and political factors such as corruption, militarization and violence play more important roles than economic conditions, whether in origin or destination. We also contribute to the literature by identifying the hierarchy of determinants of emigration from Africa to the EU. Finally, based on our empirical results we propose policy recommendations to policymakers to control the borders more effectively and avoid border control failure.

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How to Cite
Nahid Anaraki, Robert Lloyd. (2024). Determinants of Migration from Africa to EU: Empirical Evidence of Geopolitical and Political Factors. European Economic Letters (EEL), 14(1), 783–795. https://doi.org/10.52783/eel.v14i1.1102
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