“Unpacking Inequality: Examining the Reservation System in India’s Social Fabric”

Abstract

Reservation in India is a constitutional provision designed to address historical injustices and promote social equity by ensuring representation for marginalized communities in key sectors. Originating from the colonial era and formalized in the Indian Constitution post-independence, reservation policies are enshrined in Articles 15(4) and 16(4). Nonetheless, the implementation differs between states and institutions, with the central government periodically adjusting reservation percentages to account for demographic changes and evolving social conditions.

Despite its intended goals, reservation has been a subject of controversy. Critics argue that it undermines meritocracy and perpetuates caste divisions, while proponents highlight its role in empowering historically oppressed communities. The reservation system has indeed facilitated social mobility. Yet, challenges such as inadequate implementation, the creamy layer phenomenon, and caste-based discrimination persist, necessitating ongoing reforms and affirmative action measures. The purpose of this research study is to explore the multifaceted dimensions of the Reservation system in India.