The New Dynamics Of India’S Workforce: Contractual Employment To Gig Evolution

Abstract

India, a nation with a rapidly growing economy, has traditionally relied on a formal employment regime marked by stable, long-term relationships that provide legal protection, social security, and steady incomes. Rapid urbanization, expanding youth population, and technology improvements are all contributing to a major upheaval in India's work sector. This shift has led to a significant rise in unconventional employment, like freelance, temporary, and contractual roles, fuelling the explosive growth of the gig economy. Gig employment is shaping the modern workforce by providing flexibility, autonomy, and accessibility. Despite the abundance of opportunities, gig workers do not enjoy the primary benefits of long-term employment. They fall somewhere between working for a firm as an employee and being an independent contractor. This study examines the challenges and opportunities confronting both contract and gig workers, as well as the current boom in gig employment. Utilizing data from a multitude of sources, encompassing government reports, scholarly research, and industry analyses, the extent and dynamics of India's gig economy, as well as the regulatory advantages afforded to contract labourers, have been examined. Furthermore, it investigates the reasons behind the preference for gig workers over traditional contract employees and explores the motivations for workers choosing gig opportunities in lieu of contract positions, despite the fact that contract employment provides legal entitlements, worker benefits, social security, safety, and a consistent income.