Exploring Financial Inclusion and Institutional Barriers for Tribal Farmers in Southern Odisha

Abstract

This study examines the institutional and structural barriers hindering farmers’ access to agricultural loans in Southern Odisha. Key challenges identified include limited financial literacy, cumbersome bureaucratic procedures, stringent collateral requirements, and restricted institutional outreach. Using a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative focus group discussions and a quantitative survey of 370 farmers, the research evaluates the effectiveness of policy interventions such as the Kisan Credit Card (KCC), PM-KISAN, and Self-Help Group (SHG) credit models. Findings reveal that while these schemes contribute to improving financial inclusion, persistent challenges remain that limit their impact in tribal regions. The study underscores the need for targeted measures to enhance institutional responsiveness and reduce access barriers for marginalized farmers.