Participatory Action Research for Sustainable Sanitation in India: Case of 10 villages from Palghar District, India

Abstract

Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a collaborative research approach that engages stakeholders in the research process to address complex social issues and drive sustainable change. This paper explores the application of PAR in the context of sustainable sanitation in India, where access to proper sanitation facilities remains a significant challenge. By involving community members, policymakers, and relevant organizations, PAR enables the identification of locally relevant solutions and empowers communities to take ownership of their sanitation practices. Drawing on case studies and empirical evidence, this paper highlights the effectiveness of PAR in promoting sustainable sanitation behaviors, improving infrastructure, and enhancing the overall well-being of communities (Chambers, 1994; Cornwall and Jewkes, 1995). It also examines the challenges and limitations associated with implementing PAR in the sanitation sector, such as power dynamics, resource constraints, and ensuring long-term sustainability (Reason and Bradbury, 2008). Through its participatory nature, PAR fosters inclusive decision making, knowledge co-creation, and transformative social change, making it a valuable research method for advancing sustainable sanitation practices in India and similar contexts. Present paper provides exhaustive literature review of PAR for Sustainable Sanitation followed by empirical case of PAR carried out in 10 villages of Palghar District in India. The paper includes qualitative inputs from multiple stakeholders to give clarity of on-ground situation and action.