AFEF ANSI. Intraday Data Processing Approach of Calculating Black and Scholes (1973) Implied Volatility: Calculating Method . European Economic Letters (EEL), [S. l.], v. 13, n. 3, p. 219–234, 2023. DOI: 10.52783/eel.v13i3.241. Disponível em: https://www.eelet.org.uk/index.php/journal/article/view/241. Acesso em: 8 feb. 2026.