European Economic Letters (EEL)

The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Job Satisfaction Among Bank Employees: An Empirical Analysis

Navya S T, Ramesh Chandrahasa — 2025-08-11

This study investigates the impact of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction among bank employees in Karnataka. Emotional intelligence (EI), which encompasses self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills, has been increasingly recognised as a vital determinant of employee well-being and organisational effectiveness. A structured questionnaire was administered to 200 employees from various public and private sector banks across the state of Karnataka. The data were analysed using statistical techniques, including correlation and regression analysis. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. Among the five dimensions, self-regulation and self-awareness were the strongest predictors. These results suggest that banking institutions should incorporate emotional intelligence development into their HR practices to enhance employee satisfaction, reduce turnover, and improve organisational performance.

Best Practices for Gender Inclusion in Leadership Roles

Nupur Saxena Kulshrestha — 2025-08-11

In today’s evolving professional landscape, the imperative for gender inclusion in leadership roles has never been more critical. Despite growing awareness, women and gender-diverse individuals continue to face systemic barriers that limit their access to leadership opportunities across industries. Gender inclusion in leadership is not merely a matter of equity—it is a strategic advantage that fosters diverse perspectives, drives innovation, and enhances organizational performance. Embracing inclusive leadership practices means creating an environment where individuals of all gender identities feel valued, empowered, and equipped to succeed. This requires a deliberate commitment to dismantling biases, ensuring equitable policies, and cultivating cultures that support diverse leadership pathways. As organizations strive to build more inclusive and effective leadership structures, understanding and implementing best practices for gender inclusion becomes an essential step toward achieving long-term success and social progress[1].

Gender diversity is the variation of gene within a species. In work parlance it means equitable proportion of male and female employees in a workplace. The Gender gap should be as low as possible so as to reduce inequality to bare minimum.

Diversity And Inclusivity in Senior Management-Future of Work Place Dynamics

Nupur Saxena Kulshrestha — 2025-08-11

We are already witnessing a reversal of decades of modest and shaky progress on gender equality and women's rights. Without a coordinated reaction, we risk losing a generation's worth of gains. In short, the pandemic is exposing and increasing the significant barriers that women confront in exercising their rights and realizing their full potential. It may take years, if not millennia, to restore lost progress. Board variety fosters the inculcation of various views with inside the boardroom primarily based totally at the mixture of flexible human and social capital, having an ability effect on next performances of a firm. Non-inclusive behaviour has a detrimental impact on one's career and organization promoting may also face similar situation where the acceptance of the firm could be diminished.

A Regional Investigation of Employee Job Satisfaction in Selected Public Sector Banks in Gujarat

Kiranben Durgaprasad Rajput, Komal Mistry — 2025-08-11

This descriptive study examines employee job satisfaction in selected public sector banks across the state of Gujarat. Using a convenient sampling method, the researcher targeted three major banks—SBI, BOB, and PNB—based on their market capitalization. Data was collected from eight municipal corporations. A total of 480 responses were initially gathered using a scale questionnaire. After data cleaning, the final sample size was reduced to 473. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA through Microsoft Excel and SPSS 20. The study found that compared to employees at Bank of Baroda and State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank employees expressed much lower levels of job satisfaction; SBI employees expressed the highest levels of satisfaction. There were notable variations as per city, with Junagadh recording the lowest level of satisfaction and Rajkot, Vadodara, Bhavnagar, and Gandhinagar the highest.

The Study of Commonly Used ‘Sanskrit Subhashitas’ in Management Perspective: Indigenous Management Thoughts Deeply Rooted in Indian Lifestyle.

Ashish M. Puranik, Narayan K. Apte, Prasanna A. Deshpande — 2025-08-11

Sanskrit Subhashitas are always a matter of curiosity. Indian culture and practices are considered to be only spiritual; but Indian culture has gifted the world with great philosophical knowledge. Indus Valley Civilisation was well-organised and well-developed. The civilisation, culture and language are parallel to each other. If culture was developed and civilisation was at its peak, then it also means that the practices and work culture were also well-developed and managed. The management and administrative principles and thoughts were in practice. Su-bhashita’ means the best and well-said quotes. Entire philosophy and knowledge of ancient culture is recorded in Sanskrit. Ancient Sanskrit texts are found in the form of Shlokas. It is an ‘expression in a formulaic manner using limited words’. Any concept of knowledge, takes many sentences and examples to explain. Sanskrit explains the same in the shortest form of ‘Shubhashita’. ‘Su’ means the best and ‘bhashita’ means told or said. There are many such commonly used ‘Subhashitas’ which are neither from any standardised book nor said by some leading ‘Rishi’. All those are lifestyle teachings and guiding principles or indigenous proverbs for Indian society. The paper is an attempt to study selected 41 unlisted and commonly used ‘Subhashitas’ explaining management and administrative principles.

Assessing the Influence of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 on the Structural Transformation of the Indian Schools & Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)

Dr. Pranita Mishra, Dr. Rupali Khaire — 2025-08-12

The education system in India has historically been characterized by fragmentation and obsolescence, necessitating comprehensive overhaul. The NEP 2020, the inaugural comprehensive policy since 1986, was introduced with the objective of fostering an egalitarian, inclusive, and multidisciplinary educational framework. The program guarantees a significant reorganization of both school and higher education by prioritizing comprehensive development, autonomy, adaptability, and international competitiveness. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 signified a fundamental transformation in India's educational framework, seeking to modernize and integrate learning throughout schools and higher education institutions (HEIs). This paper presents a compared study of the impact of NEP 2020 on these two sectors, examining its revolutionary structural reforms, implementation results, and challenges. The research utilizes policy documents, implementation reports & available secondary data . Significant findings indicate that although school-level reforms have accelerated due to curricular and pedagogical modifications, higher education institutions encounter obstacles in regulatory reformation and the implementation of autonomy. The study concludes with recommendations for expedited implementation.

Incest As Sexual Crime in Indian Legal and Social Framework: A Violence Within Family

Yukti Yadav, Sapna Bansal — 2025-08-12

Incest, as a form of sexual crime which remains one of the most under-reported and non-acknowledged crime within India’s legal and social framework, as it takes place within four walls of a house. Indian society has been under delusion and denial for a very long period as to the existence of such crime; reason being strong belief in societal culture. It was Covid-19 that acted as evidence for existence and mirror to such incestuous cases. While criminal law addresses several forms of sexual violence, incest is dealt silently under such recognized provisions. Present research critically examines incest within India’s legal and social framework by addressing associated taboo. Furthermore, this study advocates for special Act to be enforced for criminalizing incest as an offence with separate recognition. Adding to it, recommends gender neutral, victim-centered legal approach and apt intervention at every stage of life; which can only be achieved by addressing real incestuous standing in Indian society. This paper has empirically collected data from 38 school teachers to understand whether educational institutions can help in early detection of incest.

Influence of Emotional Intelligence on Financial Risk Tolerance of Investment Choices Among Women Salaried Employees.

T. Arockia sagayaraj, S.Priyadharshini — 2025-08-12

This study looks at how emotional intelligence (EI) influences financial risk tolerance and investment behavior among salaried women. Based on data from 129 participants, the analysis used regression, T-tests, and chi-square tests to examine the relationships. The findings show a clear positive link between emotional intelligence and risk tolerance, especially in women who show strong self-regulation, adaptability, and the ability to reflect on their emotions. However, EI did not appear to significantly impact the types of investments chosen, suggesting that other factors like financial literacy, income level, and social influences may have a stronger role. These insights highlight the importance of financial education programs that consider emotional and psychological aspects, particularly for supporting women in making confident and informed financial decisions.

Green Fintech and the Culture of Sustainability: A Case Study of Select Banks in Karnataka

Faseeha Begum, Saurabh Gupta, Savitha. N. L — 2025-08-13

Green Fintech is the term combining financial technology and environmental sustainability, and it developed as a high-priority solution to transforming the banking industry. Through the implementation of sustainable operations, the financial institutions are currently lessening the environmental change as well as meeting the rising consumer demand of environmentally friendly services. The terminology of sustainability in fintech is the willingness to operate technology in such a way that it helps to contribute a sustainable attitude towards nature, which means emphasizing minimizing the carbon footprints, stimulating green projects, and promoting a sustainable financial service growth. Sustainability in banking may include zoning in green financing, responsible investment, and utilizing technological tools to have more efficient management of resources.

Leveraging IoT and Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Financial Forecasting and Customer Insights in Modern Marketing Systems

Dimpal Roy — 2025-08-13

This study examines how the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) synergistically combine to transform financial prediction and understanding of customers with modern marketing environments. As companies shift their focus on shifting their reactive company to proactive company, the real-time data collected via IoT devices i.e. wearables and smart retail sensors, helps in giving fine details of consumer metrics. Coupled with AI-driven analytics, encompassing things such as predictive modeling, machine learning, and sentiment analysis, organizations can attain new heights in terms of personalization, operational efficiency, and strategic visioning as never before. The paper will suggest a well-structured framework that will involve data capture, combination, model-based analysis, decision support and feedback levels to make marketing operations and financial forecasting more efficient. Empirical claims reveal better forecasting accuracy (up to 30 percent), a better customer segmentation, and responsiveness in the campaign optimization. With the possibilities of transformation, there are still impediments in terms of data privacy, ethical issues, infrastructural restriction, and interpretability of the models. Via case studies and literature review, the paper demonstrates how it has been applied in real life across industry, outlining both advantages and hindrances. It ends on the note of endorsing a balanced action that enshrines the adoption of ethical AI practices, quality data governance, and organizational preparedness to make full use of the potentialities of AI IoT convergence under dynamic market conditions. Finally, the study offers a whole new picture of the idea on how the intelligent technologies can unlock the data-driven marketing transformation and long-term business growth.

"An Evaluation of Microsoft's Marketing Strategies and Their Role in the Company's Growth"

S.Dhivya, S Srimathi, K. P. Indhuja, R.Rajagopal — 2025-08-14

This research studies the marketing strategy of Microsoft, a company in the world technology arena, especially focusing on conceptual core principles underlying its marketing strategy-and-gains in business. The essence of this research will be to analyse-how-the application of digital marketing, product positioning, branding, and competitive strategies have been used by Microsoft to sustain its global influence. The study also explores how marketing innovation has shaped Microsoft's marketing endeavours in light of emerging trends in the industry sector and shifting consumers' demands. Also critically evaluated will be an outside perspective-near evaluation of the effectiveness of Microsoft marketing strategies in acquiring and retaining customers and responding to market challenges. This will also extend to considering the competitive landscape in which it competes and further contrasting Microsoft's marketing approaches with those of its competitors, identifying in this respect how Microsoft distinguishes itself by means of branding, product innovation, and customer relationship management. The study also offers insight into the sustainability of marketing strategies for Microsoft in the longer haul and vistas for action in the changing digital landscape. Besides offering theoretical perspective and analytical thrust, this research entails drawing significant conclusions to be used by different groups of people in the industry-who-are-businessmen, marketers, and researchers-interested in strategic marketing and its impact in the field of technology.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Supply Chain Management and Logistics Optimization

N.Manju, S.Sasikala, K.Srinivasan, S Rajkamal — 2025-08-14

This research paper investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on supply chain management (SCM) and logistics optimization through primary data collected from companies that have integrated AI solutions. Through surveys and interviews with key supply chain managers, logistics coordinators, and technology experts, the study evaluates the effectiveness of AI applications including predictive analytics, inventory management, demand forecasting, and route optimization. Research shows that AI adoption has improved operational efficiency, reduced costs, and improved customer satisfaction, but challenges such as data quality and initial investment costs remain.

A Microeconomic Analysis of the Market for Egg Donation – With Extension to the Indian Context

Sohini Mazumder — 2025-08-14

This paper discusses the interesting and under-explored subject of egg donation in India, the characteristics of the market thereof, the actions of the participants, and the possible role of the government. Legal, ethical, and sociological issues are touched upon, as they directly affect the functioning of the market. It includes information to better understand the biological phenomenon of female infertility and its incidence in India.

Analyzing Commodity Market Volatility and Price Forecasting: A GARCH and ARIMA Model Approach

agabandhu Padhy — 2025-08-14

Commodity trade is a cornerstone of world financial markets, providing investment opportunities, risk management, and price discovery. As commodities are inherently volatile, understanding their price fluctuations and forecasting future trends is essential. This study examines the performance and volatility of four widely traded commodities in the United States - Gold, Silver, Wheat, and Crude Oil using the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to measure volatility and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to predict future price trends. The GARCH model effectively captures volatility clustering, a key characteristic of financial time series data, while ARIMA analyzes historical patterns for price prediction. Using a decade's worth of daily historical price data from secondary sources, this research provides a robust dataset for in-depth analysis. Additionally, this study highlights the need for advanced predictive models that enhance accuracy during market fluctuations. By analyzing GARCH and ARIMA applications in commodity trading, this research contributes to financial modeling and risk management literature, encouraging further exploration of alternative forecasting methods.

Empirical Assessment of Transgender Workplace Inclusivity Under the New Labour Codes: A Study in NCT Delhi

Priyanka, Sapna Bansal — 2025-08-14

This research provides an empirical evaluation of transgender workplace inclusivity under the provisions of the recently passed Labour Codes in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Based on primary evidence gathered from structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with transgender workers, employers, and labour rights activists, the study examines to what extent these legislative changes result in real-world workplace equality. The analysis is centered on the primary parameters, such as recruitment practices, workplace policies, anti-discrimination practices, grievance redressal mechanisms, and access to social security benefits. The findings reveal a wide and ongoing gap between the legal requirements of the Labour Codes and their actual implementation and, as such, numerous transgender individuals continue to encounter subtle exclusion, stereotyping, and procedural obstacles. The research identifies system problems like low employer awareness, weak enforcement mechanisms, and socio-cultural prejudice constraining the availment of statutory protection. The paper ends with policy suggestions for enhancing compliance, incentivizing sensitization schemes, and guaranteeing strong monitoring to institute true workplace inclusion among transgender individuals in Delhi.

Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence as Catalysts for Marketing Transformation in Electronic Business Environments

Anubhav Mittal — 2025-08-14

The convergence of digitalization and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fundamentally transforming marketing strategies within e-business environments. This study examines the role of AI in driving marketing transformation through three core capabilities: personalization, predictive analytics, and automation. Drawing on an extensive literature review and a conceptual framework, the research explores how these technological pillars enhance customer engagement, satisfaction, and loyalty while addressing adoption challenges and ethical considerations. Findings reveal that AI-driven personalization enables the delivery of highly relevant, behavior-based marketing experiences, strengthening consumer-brand relationships. Predictive analytics empowers marketers to anticipate customer needs, forecast trends, and make proactive strategic decisions. Automation operationalizes these insights at scale, ensuring timely and consistent interactions while optimizing resource allocation. Customer engagement and satisfaction emerge as critical mediators linking AI capabilities to transformative marketing outcomes. However, successful AI adoption requires more than technology deployment. Ethical considerations particularly data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and bias mitigation are essential for maintaining consumer trust and regulatory compliance. Organizational readiness, including robust digital infrastructure, skilled personnel, and an innovation-driven culture, significantly influences adoption success. The study emphasizes that AI-enabled marketing transformation is a multidimensional process requiring strategic alignment between technology, people, and governance. The proposed conceptual framework highlights the interplay between technological enablers, customer-centric mediators, and contextual moderators, offering a roadmap for businesses seeking to harness AI’s potential responsibly. By balancing innovation with ethical responsibility, organizations can leverage AI not only to achieve competitive advantage but also to foster sustainable, trust-based relationships in an increasingly digital marketplace.

Balancing Price and Purpose: How Consumer Behaviour Shapes Sustainable Pricing Decisions

Megha Sharma, Shivani Vats — 2025-08-16

This study explores consumer behavior toward sustainable marketing strategies within the urban population of Delhi. It investigates how demographic factors, purchasing preferences, and perceptions influence the adoption of eco-friendly products. Using a sample of 500 respondents collected through convenience sampling, the research employs descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, logistic regression, and cluster analysis to identify patterns and relationships. The findings reveal that while consumers express a willingness to pay more for sustainable products, price sensitivity and skepticism about corporate sustainability claims remain significant barriers. Female consumers show a stronger preference for eco-friendly products when provided with transparent and credible information. The analysis identifies three distinct consumer segments: eco-conscious advocates, pragmatic buyers, and skeptical consumers, each with unique attitudes toward sustainability. The study emphasizes the importance of transparency, affordability, and education in shaping consumer behavior. It offers practical recommendations for businesses to enhance consumer trust and engagement through targeted, sustainable marketing strategies. This research provides valuable insights for companies seeking to align their marketing efforts with evolving consumer expectations and environmental responsibility.

An Analytical Study of Consumption and Saving Functions: Interlinkages of MPC, MPS, APC, and APS in Economic Theory and Practice

Kumari Deepa Rani — 2025-08-16

This study presents an analytical examination of the consumption and saving functions, focusing on the interlinkages between the Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC), Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS), Average Propensity to Consume (APC), and Average Propensity to Save (APS) in both economic theory and practice. Grounded in the Keynesian framework and enriched by modern theories such as the life-cycle and permanent income hypotheses, the research explores how households allocate income between consumption and saving, and how these allocations respond to changes in income levels. The analysis confirms the fundamental identities MPC + MPS = 1 and APC + APS = 1, derived from the exhaustive allocation of disposable income. The study discusses how these relationships are influenced by factors including income distribution, consumer confidence, access to credit, cultural norms, and macroeconomic conditions. Empirical insights from the literature highlight significant variations across socio-economic groups, countries, and time periods, as well as the impact of uncertainty and behavioral biases. Findings underscore the policy relevance of these measures: high MPC values suggest greater short-term multiplier effects from fiscal stimulus, while high MPS and APS values indicate stronger long-term investment potential. The research emphasizes the need for policymakers to strike a balance between promoting consumption to support aggregate demand and fostering savings to finance sustainable growth. Overall, the study reaffirms the enduring significance of these propensities as tools for understanding and guiding economic behavior in an evolving global context.

Marketing Ethics in Pharmaceuticals: An Indian Case Study of Selected Companies

Prahallad Pujari — 2025-08-18

This study investigates the ethical dimensions of pharmaceutical marketing practices in India through a case study of six selected companies (three domestic and three multinational). Using a mixed-methods approach, the research collected data from 120 marketing executives, 80 physicians, and 30 pharmacists. Quantitative analysis reveals that while 85% of marketing executives are aware of ethical codes, only 60% have received formal ethics training in the past year. Incentive-driven sales targets strongly correlate with higher frequencies of ethically questionable practices (r = 0.64, p < 0.01). Physicians report that 72% of promotional claims are sometimes exaggerated, and 48% have experienced direct prescription pressure. The study highlights the gap between corporate policy and field practice, and proposes regulatory, training, and incentive-structure reforms.

Factors affecting growth of Console and PC Video Games in India and their comparison with Other Digital Entertainment Sources

Ashu Tripathi, Kamakshi Mehta, Umesh Solanki — 2025-08-20

Digital entertainment industry is amid unprecedented growth phase fueled by lockdowns during the pandemic. India too has seen tremendous growth in OTT, mobile games, and subscription-based music industry both in revenue and consumer base, but the growth has been lethargic in PC and Console Video Games in India. This study analyses the difference between Console and PC games and other digital Entertainment sources across seven parameters that are Price, Hardware requirements, Active and passive form of entertainment, time consumption, Marketing and advertisements, social approval and piracy within the Indian context. We conclude that PC and console games are unable to grow in India due to higher prices, expensive hardware requirements and time requirements to complete a game when compared to other entertainment means. Social awareness and approval and need for active participation may also reduce consumer interest in Video Games. Impact of piracy and marketing and advertising is difficult to ascertain due to unavailability of enough data on the same. This paper emphasizes the need for pricing the video games according to purchase power parity and growth of cloud gaming in India among other things to make India one of the largest PC and console Video game Markets in the world.

Determinants of Job Satisfaction of Gig Workers in the Food and Beverage Industry in Mumbai Metropolitan Region – A Regression Analysis of Socioeconomic, Organizational and Behavioral Factors

Khushboo Ashok Lala, Sanjay Rode — 2025-08-20

Job satisfaction has been a matter of concern among workers across different sectors. It is a crucial issue in the growing gig economy, especially for temporary workers employed within the food and beverage industry. This study explores various factors that influence job satisfaction among gig workers in the food and beverage industry in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR). Gig workers, including cooks, cashiers, cleaners, and support staff, usually work on a temporary or part-time basis, and often lack the benefits of formal employment. With the gig economy rapidly expanding in India’s urban areas, particularly in Mumbai, it becomes imperative to understand the factors that satisfy or dissatisfy gig workers in their jobs. Based on personal interviews conducted with 2,000 gig workers across the Western, Central, and Harbour regions of Mumbai, this study analyzed a variety of factors such as age, gender, income, work environment, employer support, access to health benefits, appointment letters, and opportunities for growth. The research found that workers who received formal appointment letters and, employer support during health emergencies, worked in a respectful and clean environment, and had cordial relationships with their co-workers reported higher job satisfaction. These conditions provided them with a sense of recognition, stability, and belonging. On the other hand, job dissatisfaction is linked to high stress levels, lack of job promotions, absence of performance-based incentives, and workplace issues. In addition, ownership of household items such as refrigerators was associated with higher satisfaction levels. The research suggests that job satisfaction among gig workers depends on wages, workplace conditions, employer treatment, and availability of social security benefits. To improve satisfaction, employers should provide formal job contracts, health-related support, and recognition of the work put in by the workers, while policymakers should design inclusive labour laws and welfare schemes that address the specific needs of gig workers. By improving working conditions and offering basic benefits, both businesses and the government can help to create a more motivated, stable, and productive gig workforce in the food and beverage sector.

Investigation Into Hr Practices for It Employees – A Study with Specific Reference to Performance Appraisal and Placement & Recruitment

F.Josephine Lenta, M.Kovarthini — 2025-08-21

HR practices play a crucial role in maximizing employee potential and driving their success in assigned tasks. In today's competitive environment, staying relevant is essential. Therefore, it is important to keep employees informed through effective HR practices. This study aimed to examine key HR practices among employees in IT companies in Chennai. It utilized descriptive and empirical research designs, gathering both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to 354 IT employees in Chennai. Secondary data were sourced from newspapers, magazines, reputable journals, previous dissertations, Ph.D. theses, relevant websites, books, and libraries. The study used a convenient sampling method. Totally three IT companies in Chennai City were selected for the study such as Tata Consultancy Services, Hexaware Technologies and Capgemini.

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management

S. Kannamudaiyar, S. Priyadharshini — 2025-08-21

Artificial intelligence makes it feasible for the sector to thrive quicker and more efficiently in today's competitive industry. The swift growth of technology and the utilization of AI in HR have made major changes in hiring processes and practices. HR plays a vital role in strategic growth planning and execution, just like technology and business leadership do. It has been integrated into human resource management because it has the ability to benefit employees and customers in companies. In the modern day, the job of human resources has grown to cope with more advanced technologies that allow AI and artificial intelligence. Organizations can use AI for career development, employee engagement, and candidate screening.

Operative Stress Management for Employees in Select It Companies in Chennai City

R. Sindhu Premalatha, V. Praveen Kumar — 2025-08-21

Employee stress management is the strategy of providing employees with an environment and resources that reduce pressures and tensions in the workplace. This process may involve discovering the cause of employees' stress and devising a plan to address the origin. Once employer develop a plan, they can communicate it to his employees and train all of them so as to relieve tension and pressure at the workplace. The researcher while designing the research article sequentially followed certain procedures in research methodology. Descriptive and Analytical Research Design was used for this research. Employees of selected IT companies in Chennai City were surveyed for data collection. Both primary and secondary sources have been used in this research. Total Sample Size is 100 employees who are the part and parcel of different selected IT companies in Chennai City. Convenient Sampling Method was adopted. Five Point Likert Scale were used for measuring the responses of questions. IT companies selected for this research include Infosys, Cognizant, TCS and HCL Technologies.

Strategic Synergy Unveiled: A Bibliomatric Odyssey into AI's Impact on Management Consulting

Ruby Kaushik, Pankaj Madan — 2025-08-21

Purpose: This paper examines the evolving impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on management consulting through both bibliometric and systematic review. Most of the authors have used either bibliometric or SLR in the past. It aims to provide insights into AI’s influence on consulting practices, highlighting key themes such as operational efficiency, human-AI collaboration, and ethical challenges.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A bibliometric analysis of 195 scholarly publications (2010– 2024) was conducted using VOSviewer to map research trends, thematic clusters, and collaborative networks. A systematic literature review was also performed on a subset of 37 studies to extract more profound insights into AI's role in consulting.

Findings: The analysis identifies a significant increase in AI-related consulting research post 2018. Dominant themes include AI-driven decision-making, consultant client dynamics, and sustainability. Emerging trends emphasize the integration of AI into strategic decision-making and the development of frameworks for ethical AI governance.

Originality/Value: This work combines systematic review methods with bibliometric visualization to provide a new synthesis of research on AI in management consulting. It fills critical knowledge gaps by exploring AI's long-term strategic influence on consulting practices, its role in promoting sustainability, and the development of consultant competencies. Additionally, this study addresses underexplored areas such as the ethical challenges of AI integration, interdisciplinary approaches to understanding human-AI collaboration, and regional disparities in AI adoption, particularly in emerging markets. By bridging these gaps, the paper offers actionable insights for practitioners and a robust foundation for future academic inquiry.

Practical and Social Implications: The findings provide consulting professionals with actionable strategies for adopting AI responsibly, fostering innovation, and addressing ethical and societal challenges. The study underscores the need for sustainable AI practices that align with global goals.

Combating Bonded Labour a worst form of Trafficking in Human beings: Rights Based Approach

Om Prakash Vyas, Aneesha PR — 2025-08-21

The issue of bonded labor, a severe form of human trafficking, represents a critical violation of human rights across the globe. Defined as modern-day slavery, bonded labor entraps millions of individuals in exploitative and coercive work environments, often driven by poverty, ignorance, and socio-economic vulnerabilities. This essay explores the widespread prevalence of bonded labor and its intricate ties with human trafficking, focusing on its causes, legislative frameworks, and the essential role of a rights-based approach to combat it. The paper discusses the international and domestic laws aimed at combating bonded labor, such as the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976, and relevant Supreme Court rulings, alongside practical state measures for victim rehabilitation. Furthermore, it highlights case studies such as the Gonda Circus Case to demonstrate successful interventions and the importance of an integrated approach combining prevention, protection, and prosecution. The essay concludes by urging a concerted effort to address the root causes of bonded labor through policy reforms and awareness campaigns, emphasizing the need for a rights-based approach to ensure the dignity, protection, and rehabilitation of victims.

The Power of Online Buzz: Social Media Comments to Shape Consumer Perception of Sustainable Products

Sana Khan, Sakshi Kansal — 2025-08-22

This study examined how social media comments influence consumer perceptions of sustainable products using a mixed-method approach with qualitative content analysis and quantitative survey research. Comments from Instagram and Twitter were analysed for sentiment, identifying key factors such as consumer trust in sustainability claims, the role of social media influencers, the impact of transparent communication, and the influence of educational content. An online survey of 500 socially engaged consumers evaluated their perceptions of brand sustainability claims, trust in influencers, and their intentions to purchase sustainable products. Findings revealed that the trustworthiness of sustainability claims, influencer endorsements, transparent communication, and educational content significantly impacted consumer attitudes. The study highlights the importance for brands to communicate sustainability efforts authentically, collaborate with credible influencers, and provide educational content. Future research should explore longitudinal and cross-cultural studies to understand how changing consumer perceptions and cultural contexts affect sustainable consumption.

Evolution of Research on Individual Investor Behaviour: A Systematic and Bibliometric Analysis

B Hari Prasad Rao, Venkateswara Rao Bhanotu — 2025-08-22

This research performs an extensive analysis of literature on retail individual investor behaviour using an interdisciplinary approach that synthesizes PRISMA-based systematic review, bibliometric analysis, and VOSviewer. The present analysis uses 4,431 scholarly documents published in the Scopus database between 2000 and 2025. The results show a growing scholarly interest in retail investor behavior, particularly following major events such as the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, which prompted retail engagement and financial revolution via digital means in markets. The research reveals a number of major topic clusters, such as behavioral biases (e.g., overconfidence, herding, loss aversion), financial literacy, risk perception, and sentiment analysis. It also highlights the increasing overlap of traditional theories of behavioural finance with modern concepts such as machine learning and sentiment analysis, indicating the influence of FinTech and online platforms on investor sentiment. The bibliometric mapping illustrates that the United States, India, and China are the leading contributors, and influential publications such as the Journal of Banking and Finance and the Pacific-Basin Finance Journal act as major publishing venues. Contribution of influential authors such as Kumar, Barber, and Odean has formed the theoretical and empirical foundation of the discipline. Although the discipline has developed exponentially, the research identifies shortfalls in the form of weak theoretical integration, underrepresentation of new markets, and shortages of longitudinal and culturally nuanced studies. The article promotes more transdisciplinary, regionally applicable, and technologically responsive methods of analyzing retail investor behavior. This research provides an important tool for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers working to comprehend and counter the forces of retail investor involvement in emerging financial settings.

Mental Health and Media in India: A Critical Analysis

Deepa Goel — 2025-08-28

Mental health problems in India impact a significant proportion of the population but only a minority receives timely and adequate treatment. Journalists and media more broadly have remarkable potential for influencing public understanding of mental illness — potentially in positive ways, but also negative ones. This paper tries to analyze the manner in which Indian media, both print and digital (including television) at present reports on mental health, identifying emergent trends along with glaring deficiencies and some of the burning issues pertaining to ethics.

Failure to follow standard ethical standards in reporting is a frequent occurrence. In many cases, journalist may miss hotlines or use boulevard language and sometimes infringe on patient’s right to confidentiality.

The results of our work indicate that many media reports associate mental illness with crime and violence, reinforcing stereotypes. Global Guidelines Since recovery is the goal, even when death occurs it should be used as an opportunity to highlight what has been learned so that more people will have a better chance at survival in the future. The media with guidelines Be encouraged by international standards to focus on messages which are positive and arouse hope Use of person-first language Provide available resources for support. The recent case underscores the need for Indian journalism to embrace such principles, from training reporters and developing dedicated guidelines on mental health reporting to advancing accurate, empathetic storytelling.

Does Ownership Pattern Determine Banks’ Priority Sector Lending Practices? Insights from Review of Literature

Ashish Kumar — 2025-08-11

This article reviews the previous research and studies how bank ownership affects loans made under the Priority Sector Lending (PSL) program. This scheme requires banks to lend a particular amount of their lending to sectors that aren't getting enough funding, like agriculture, small businesses, and education. The findings indicate that public, private, and international banks contribute differently to the PSL targets. Public sector banks (PSBs) are more likely to follow PSL rules since they are in line with government policies and social welfare aims. However, they do have problems, such as inefficiency and higher credit risks in priority industries. On the other hand, private sector banks are pickier about who they lend to because they want to make money. They focus on less hazardous areas but nevertheless help PSL by strategically prioritizing. Foreign banks typically engage in PSL less frequently due to their global focus. Instead, they frequently purchase PSL certificates to indirectly participate. The assessment also talks about how digital banking and fintech developments might help banks attain their PSL goals. Digital tools have helped banks, especially PSBs, better serve priority sectors by making it easier for people in remote places to obtain financial services and by improving risk management. Overall, the studies reveal that while public sector banks dominate in PSL compliance, the roles of private and foreign banks—though more selective—are still vital for achieving the scheme’s objectives, and fintech has the potential to enhance both the efficiency and effectiveness of PSL lending.

Digital-Based Collection Systems in Microfinance: A Bibliographic Analysis (2014–2024)

Sukeshraj Zallare, Ashish Hattangdi — 2025-08-30

The adoption of digital-based collection systems in microfinance has significantly reshaped the operational landscape of financial institutions, enabled improved payment processes and enhanced financial inclusion. This bibliographic analysis examines literature from 2014 to 2024, exploring the evolution of digital payment systems in microfinance. Key references, such as Suhrab et al. (2024), who discuss the role of digital financial inclusion in addressing inequality, and Shalini and Sabitha (2024), who evaluate digital payment innovations, provide insights into emerging trends and technological advancements. The study also highlights the role of FinTech (Sultan et al., 2023) and sustainable finance (Bihorac et al., 2024) in transforming microfinance operations.

Findings indicate that digital transformation, particularly through mobile payment systems and FinTech platforms, has driven significant efficiency and cost benefits. Despite these advancements, challenges such as technological infrastructure gaps, digital literacy issues, and user trust continue to hinder widespread adoption. The analysis also identifies a lack of localized research focusing on urban microfinance ecosystems, such as those in Mumbai, where unique socio-economic factors influence adoption.

This study provides a comprehensive overview of key innovations, implementation challenges, and research gaps in digital microfinance systems. It underscores the importance of sustainable and context-specific approaches to promote financial inclusion. By synthesizing insights from a decade of research, this paper serves as a foundational reference for academics and practitioners aiming to understand and advance the intersection of digital technologies and microfinance practices.

Measuring Customer Experience and Behavioural Intention in E-Banking: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach in the Indian Context

Poonam Painuly, Sandeep Rohal — 2025-08-30

Background: E-banking is now a primary service channel in India, but adoption remains uneven across customer segments. Classic acceptance models explain digital uptake through ease of use and usefulness, yet banks also influence upstream factors such as customers’ digital skill and the degree of technology integration in their platforms.

Objective: To measure customer experience and behavioural intention toward e-banking, and to test a seven-construct model linking Digital Skill and Technology Integration to Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Attitude, Behavioural Intention, and Actual System Use.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey of 400 retail banking customers was analysed using SEM. Data quality checks showed good reliability for the 35-item instrument (α = 0.885).

Findings: Digital Skill had a strong positive effect on Perceived Ease of Use (β = .74) and a small negative direct effect on Usefulness (β = −.18) after accounting for ease. Technology Integration increased Usefulness (β = .25). Ease of Use improved both Usefulness (β = .38) and Attitude (β = .48), while Usefulness had a negligible effect on Attitude (β ≈ −.01). Behavioural Intention was driven mainly by Attitude (β = .54) with an additional effect of Usefulness (β = .24). Actual System Use was strongly predicted by Intention (β = .68).

Originality / Novelty: The study extends TAM by introducing Digital Skill and Technology Integration as actionable antecedents and tests the full seven-construct specification on a large Indian sample using SEM. It shows that ease of use, rather than perceived utility alone, is the primary lever converting experience into intention and use in e-banking.

A Practical Approach on Police Investigation in India (Legal Frame Work, Procedure, Techniques, Powers and Duties)

Deepak Kumar Sahu, Pooja Khetrapal — 2025-09-01

This research work aims to study and analyse the process of police investigation. Police investigation is a part of criminal procedure which is provided under the Criminal procedure Code 1973 (BNSS 2023). It’s said, “a criminal may be very smart but he always leaves behind a clue’’. Investigation means a search for truth, evidence, and justice. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and effectiveness of investigation in the Criminal Justice System. In this paper, there is discussion on the provisions relating to police investigation and also various techniques.

The present paper aims at to explore the applicability of Forensic science in criminal investigation and what role it plays in keeping law and order in a society. This paper also throws light on how forensic science is acting as a bridge between the medical science and legal science.

The paper also discusses the ground reality of these laws and how it is actually being implemented in the cases. This paper discusses the police powers, duties and also challenges faced by the police officers while investigating. The author will make some recommendations on how to enhance the administration and investigative process.

Investor Perceptions of Futures Trading as a Tool For Managing Volatility in Commodity Markets

Saurabh Gupta — 2025-09-01

This study explores investor perceptions of futures trading as a tool for managing volatility in commodity markets. Through qualitative research, including interviews with investors and commodity traders, the study identifies key themes such as risk perception, the influence of market news and sentiment, and trust in futures markets as a volatility hedge. The findings reveal that while futures trading is widely viewed as an effective tool for risk management, emotional biases and market sentiment significantly influence investor decisions, especially during periods of heightened volatility. Experienced investors tend to trust futures as a hedge, while less experienced participants express doubts. The study highlights the need for better investor education on risk management strategies, as well as improved transparency and regulatory frameworks to ensure futures markets remain effective in mitigating volatility. The insights from this study offer practical recommendations for investors, market participants, and policymakers to enhance market stability and decision-making.

Perception of Employees Towards Gig Jobs in Delhi NCR: An Analytical Study

Himanshu Kataria, Vidushi Malik — 2025-09-01

The gig economy has become a major force challenging traditional employment models worldwide, driven by technological advancements and changing workforce preferences. In India, especially in the Delhi NCR area, gig jobs present an alternative employment option characterized by flexibility, independence, and task-oriented work. This analytical study explores the perceptions of 100 employees from the IT, manufacturing, and education sectors regarding gig jobs. It evaluates their awareness, willingness to participate in gig work, and the perceived advantages and challenges of such employment. The study finds a high level of awareness, with over half of the respondents showing openness to gig opportunities, particularly among younger employees and those in the IT sector. However, concerns about job security, the absence of formal benefits, and income instability remain significant obstacles. The research aids in understanding the changing workforce mindset in India and offers policy recommendations to improve the sustainability and attractiveness of gig jobs, ensuring a balanced labor market that accommodates both traditional and flexible work arrangements.

Analysis in Global Finance-Analysing the Impact of Geopolitical Factors in Global Finance Markets

Zohan Vaghela — 2025-09-02

Geopolitical risks mainly refer to the numerous uncertainties and it is also along with any potential adverse impacts that are further arising from many political events. These are also happening because of multiple conflicts, or tensions that mainly exist between different nations. The study has mentioned that As per a Gallup survey in 2017, nearly 75% of overall investors have taken part and talked about their major concerns associated with the impact of both global military and also political conflicts on many investments. Additionally, the study also mentioned that geopolitical risks can particularly inhibit the FDI inflow and can directly hinder domestic economic development. Global financial markets are shaped by geopolitical tensions, which influence its cross-border investments, financial stability and portfolio allocation. The research incorporates in the Geopolitical Risk (GPR) index for measure the arising uncertainties from global conflicts, trade restrictions and economic sanctions. The findings of the study suggest that the risk of geopolitical disrupts the pattern of cross-broader investment which further leads to increased volatility and market fragmentation. The large-cap equities in the developed market emphasise resilience to the short-term shock whereas the emerging market and small-cap equities are focused on exhibiting heightened vulnerability. The findings have critical implications for institutional investors and policymakers underscoring the need for adaptive strategies related to risk management in this economic fragmentation growing era. Through analysing the historical market responses towards major geopolitical events, this research focuses on contributing for a nuanced understanding on the dynamic of how geopolitical instability shapes the dynamics of the financial market.

Challenges and applications of Generative AI in Business

Roohani Alag — 2025-09-02

For the purpose of this current study a systematic literature review has been conducted, this method was chosen to ensure a comprehensive perspective of existing challenges and applications of generative AI in businesses. The research involved tapping into metadata and peer-reviewed publications from reputable and reliable academic databases such as WoS, IEEE Xplore and Scopus while referring to reputable websites such as Statistica and Deloitte for statistical data that is relevant to the research. The sources used throughout the research were specifically chosen for their credibility, reliability and relevance to the topic being researched. Additionally, to enhance the real-world application and relevance of the research the study incorporates three qualitative contemporary case studies from different sectors that were selected to showcase how generative AI is applied and used in various contexts with its specific challenges and applications.

Geopolitical Risks Influencing Oil Price Behaviour Globally

Zia Vaghela — 2025-09-02

Oil has been a significant source of energy for the global economy since the last industrial revolution and serves as the primary energy source for both industries and transportation. The study also mentioned that oil price volatility has main points for both policymakers and also for macroeconomics due to its overall specific macroeconomic implications. The study has examined that geopolitical risk is highlighting a number of uncertainties and major threats that are directly arising from many aspects. In addition to this, it has been analysed in this paper that the oil markets globalization has effectively built an interconnected system where a number of geopolitical risks that are involved in even one region can have different effects throughout the world. Geopolitical risks focus on shaping the behaviour of global oil prices, influencing the dynamics like economic growth, supply chains and market stability. This study focuses to analysing how political instability, supply chain disruptions and trade policies affect oil prices through using a mixed-method approach, which combines primary quantitative data, survey analysis through IBM SPSS and secondary quantitative through thematic analysis. The findings of the study indicate that geopolitical crises are inducing some significant volatility in the prices of oil, with asymmetric impact between different forms of geopolitical events. The study also shows a strong relationship between factors like supply chain disruptions, political instability and fluctuations in the prices of oil.

Attitude Towards Wife-Beating Among Adult Males in India: Does Past Shape the Present?

Paramita Barman Sen — 2025-09-03

Background: Violence afflicted on women stands as both a major public health issue and violation of human rights. Globally, around 30 per cent of women fall victims to physical and/or sexual violence during their lifetime by their intimate partners or non-partners. Attitude towards domestic violence assumes as much importance as the issue itself, when it comes to efforts at termination of this menace. The current study seeks to explore the role of past experience in shaping attitude towards domestic violence against women, among adult males in India.

Data and Method: The study uses data from NFHS-5 (2019-21) on adult Indian males aged 15-54 years. Apart from simple descriptive statistics, logistic regression analysis has been employed as the main econometric method.

Results: A substantial 41.52 per cent of adult Indian males feel that wife beating is justified. Past experience of the father beating the mother turns out to be a significant determinant of justification of wife-beating among adult Indian males.

Conclusion: In sync with SDG Target 5.2.1 calling for elimination of violence against women and girls, policies involving both awareness drives and strong punitive measures as deterrents of domestic violence are the need of the hour.

Unconscious Defense Mechanisms in T-Groups: A PRISMA-Guided Psychodynamic Review of Denial, Repression, Projection, And Transference

Shridhar Kshirsagar — 2025-09-03

Training Groups (T-groups) are non-prescriptive learning experiences that involve the use of interpersonal awareness and group compelling experiences through real-time unstructured interaction. Core principles include a focus on the here-and-now, open expression of feelings, free flow, and spontaneity. Although T-groups are traditionally based on behavioral learning theories, inherently unconscious psychological processes emerge at the group level. This systematic review examines the defense mechanisms of denial, repression, projection, and transference in T-groups through Freudian, Jungian, and Gestalt psychodynamic perspectives.

By PRISMA 2020, this review synthesizes findings from 100 peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 1990 and 2025. Extensive searches on PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were conducted to identify relevant studies. They also had inclusion criteria, which included a direct attention to T-groups, unconscious processes, and the psychodynamic theory. The data were retrieved and descriptively synthesized, and the quality was assessed through CASP and MMAT instruments.

The results have revealed that the most common defense patterns in the T-group are projection and transference, on which group ambiguity, emotional reinforcement, and authority issues are known to arise. These processes have a significant impact on group cohesiveness, trust, and learning. Psychodynamic explanations bring into perspective the insights on group actions through intrapsychic conflicts (Freud), symbolic group roles (Jung), and here-and-now awareness (Gestalt) that are different and at the same time complementary to each other. Anna Freud's classification further clarifies adaptive and maladaptive defenses within group contexts to understand the complexity of the group dynamics.

The review highlights the transformative potential of T-groups when facilitators are trained to recognize and address unconscious processes. However, the evidence base is limited by methodological heterogeneity, underreporting, and a scarcity of T-group-specific studies. Future research should explore longitudinal effects, cross-cultural variations, and empirical assessments of psychodynamic interventions in group settings. This review also underscores the importance of integrating psychodynamic theory into T-group facilitation and design, advocating for deeper engagement with unconscious dynamics to enhance experiential learning, interpersonal, and group development.

Investment Behavior in the Fintech Era: A Serial Mediation Analysis

Simran Singh, Subramanian Shanmugam — 2025-09-06

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between financial self-efficacy and investment behavior, and whether this correlation is influenced by consumer fintech use and digital financial literacy among millennials and Generation Z. A serial mediation model was constructed to examine the potential link. A sample of 301 millennials and Gen Z individuals from the Gaya district of Bihar participated in an online survey questionnaire. SmartPLS4 was used for the data analysis. The study found a significant positive correlation between Financial Self-Efficacy and Investment behavior, Financial Self-Efficacy and Consumer fintech utilization, Consumer fintech utilization and Digital Financial Literacy, and Digital Financial Literacy and Investment behavior. The findings also indicated that Consumer Fintech Utilization and Digital Financial Literacy sequentially moderated the connection between Financial Self-Efficacy and Investment Behavior. The results illuminate the core mechanisms that underpin the investment behavior of Gen Z and millennials in this fintech era. Policymakers need to regulate fintech apps to ensure embedded educational content (e.g., risk disclaimers, glossary features) aligns with literacy development goals. Fintech Developers need to design interfaces that boost user self-efficacy (e.g., onboarding tutorials, confidence-building feedback) to promote sustained engagement and better investment behavior.

Announcement Effect of Dividends and Share Price Response: Evidence from Indian Financial Services Companies

P. Arun Prakash, M. Karthick — 2025-09-06

This study examines the Indian capital market's informational efficiency in relation to financial services companies' dividend announcements. The sample consists of 79 final dividend announcements from 2013 to 2024 that were examined utilizing the 21-day event window's Average Abnormal Return (AAR) and Cumulative Average Abnormal Return (CAAR). According to the results, AAR found positive 38% during window period, on the event day (Day 0) both AAR (0.004450) and CAAR (0.005959) found positive. Pre-event data reveals a range of responses, including indications of anticipatory trading and potential information leaks, especially from Day -13 to Day -2. AAR mostly went negative after the event, indicating a market correction following the initial overreaction. The CAAR was not statistically significant, although remaining positive for the majority of the intervals. Overall, the findings are consistent with the semi-strong version of market efficiency, showing that Indian stock prices react swiftly to news about dividends.

"Evaluating the Effectiveness of YouTube Influencer Reviews Videos on Consumer Purchase Intentions for Mobile Phones: A Digital Marketing Perspective"

Ankit Yadav — 2025-09-06

The term "influencer marketing" refers to a relatively new type of digital marketing that has surfaced in recent decades. Influencers shape consumers’ perceptions of a product or brand through videos, photos, and other updates on various digital platforms. This paper specifically focuses on YouTube influencers who make review videos on mobile phone purchases. This study explores the effect of various attributes of influencer credibility and purchase intention of consumers in Lucknow. Google Forms was used to send a questionnaire for data collection. A Total of 453 individuals completed the questionnaire; however, only 319 individuals were chosen for further analysis owing to the inclusion of screening questions, utilization of convenience sampling, and application of structural equation modelling through SmartPLS 4 for the analysis of the data. The finding reveal Argument quality has significant impact on credibility and purchase intention however attractiveness, trustworthiness have impact on credibility but not purchase intention, expertise does not show impact on both credibility or purchase intention.

Human Resource Accounting in Selected Public Sector Companies in India

Sakshi Bhawnani, Jayender Verma, Yasha Srivastava — 2025-09-10

Employees of an organization form the core and heart of the business. It would not be wrong to say that the utilization of all the resources that a company employs majorly depends on its “Human Resources”. Hence, similar to the accounting treatment given to all the financial and physical resources of a company, the valuation and communication of human resources should also be a part of the financial statements of a company, marking the way for the concept of “Human Resource Accounting”. This study has made an attempt to analyze and examine the HRA practices followed by the public sector undertakings in India. The study has selected three PSUs namely- IOC, NTPC and SAIL and calculated five HRA metrics for these companies using their annual reports. The study also discusses HR related initiatives, various training and development programmes and HR policies of the selected PSUs.

An Analysis of Factors Affecting Front-Line Employee Job Satisfaction in App-based Home Service Organisation

Laxmi, Rajanikant Verma — 2025-09-10

In today’s competitive environment companies are using new and updated technology to survive in the market. Consumers are more demanding now and want the best services at a competitive price and according to their availability. Therefore, Online App based Home Service Industry come into existence to meet the Consumer’s demand. The present study is very useful for understanding the satisfaction of Front-line Employees. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Pay, Security, Work-Family Balance, Autonomy and Training on Front-Line Employee Job Satisfaction. Both Convenience and Snowball Sampling are used to collect data from Front-line Employees. A self-structured questionnaire was designed and filled by 290 Front-Line Employees of respective companies. After data cleaning 229 responses are used for data analysis. Statistical tools such as Cronbach Alpha, CFA and SEM are used for analysis. The results show that Pay, Job Security and Work-Family significantly influence Front Line Employee Job Satisfaction whereas Autonomy and Training are not found statistically significant. The study is limited only to some selected companies. In future more companies can be studied and comparison among them can also be done.

The Impact of Social Media on Privacy Rights: A Legal Evaluation

Garima, Shreya — 2025-09-11

This study investigates the implications of social media facilities for people’s privacy rights in India, adjusting its lens to the legal, policy and regulatory perspectives. In a society heavily dependent on digital platforms for communication, commerce, and social engagement, widespread collection, processing, and sharing of personal information pose serious threats to privacy. The paper will look at existing legal data protection and privacy frameworks in India currently governing data (the Information Technology Act, 2000, the IT Rules, 2021 and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023). But it evaluates the extent to which these laws effectively address escalating threats from private sector data practices and government surveillance. The article concludes with legal and policy recommendations to enhance privacy safeguards and to secure a balanced and rights-respecting digital milieu in India.

Hybrid Content Security Model Using Steganography and Cryptography in Cloud Storage

Ruchika Sharma — 2025-09-12

This paper presents a hybrid security model for safeguarding cloud storage content by integrating cryptography and steganography. In the proposed approach, sensitive data is first encrypted using robust algorithms such as AES or RSA, rendering it unreadable to unauthorized users. The resulting ciphertext is then embedded within a benign-looking image using Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography. To cloud storage providers ( AWS, Google Cloud), the data appears as ordinary images rather than conspicuous ciphertext, thereby reducing the likelihood of targeted attacks. This dual-layer approach leverages the strengths of both techniques—encryption ensures the confidentiality of the content, while steganography conceals the very existence of the protected data. The workflow is systematically outlined, demonstrating how layered security significantly increases the computational effort required for a successful breach. Recommended technologies include AES and RSA encryption algorithms, LSB-based image steganography for data concealment, and widely adopted cloud platforms with native encryption support. The model’s strengths are enhanced security, covert transmission—and its limitations are processing overhead, dependency on cover media. These strengths and limitations are analyzed to provide a balanced perspective on its practical application.

Challenges And Opportunities In Linking Sanitation Campaigns With Sustainable Development: A Policy Review Of Swachh Bharat In Indore

Priyanka Chourasiya, Manjari Gupta — 2025-09-12

It had already read how the idea of Sustainable Development had been paired with Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) in the Madhya Pradesh city of Indore, which had been known all along as the cleanest city in India. It had achieved it in the form of mixed-methods research design that consisted of the quantitative survey and qualitative interviews and field researches. The study had uncovered that citizen awareness and participation had also helped in achieving sanitation in the city. Waste segregation and recycling practices had become the municipal innovations highly oriented on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) throughout the world with respect to the goals connected with the sanitation system, responsible urbanized living and accountable consumption. Even with these successes, there were still other issues such as behavioral resistance, infrastructural deficiencies, lack of finances, and bad welfare of sanitation workers. The paper had reported that though the SBA implementation had been a model of a sustainable urban management in Indore, its long term successes in issues of inclusiveness, financial stability and labour would have been imperative in a bid to ensure the sustainability of the implementation.