Social Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Indian Migrant Workers: A Survey-Based Investigation

Abstract

This study investigates the socio-economic and psychological impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on Indian migrant workers, who constitute a significant portion of the country's informal labor force. The research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by these workers during the 2020 lockdowns, focusing on employment, income, mental health, social support, and recovery processes. Utilizing a descriptive research design, data were collected through structured surveys from 350 migrant workers across major urban and rural areas in India. The results indicate a dramatic decrease in employment by 66.1% and a 512.5% rise in unemployment, reflecting the severe economic vulnerability of this population. Additionally, over half of the respondents reported moderate to severe psychological distress, highlighting significant mental health needs. The study also found that 62.9% of workers experienced a decline in living conditions, and healthcare access was largely inadequate for 51.4% of respondents. While government aid was the most accessed form of support, 11.4% of workers reported receiving no assistance. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive and inclusive support systems that address the multifaceted challenges faced by migrant workers, including secure employment, mental health services, healthcare access, and financial assistance. The study's insights are crucial for policymakers and stakeholders in developing resilient and sustainable support mechanisms for migrant workers in future crises.