Skill assessment and workforce development in non-ferrous metal processing: A study of western odisha

Abstract

The non-ferrous metal processing industry plays a crucial role in industrial growth, contributing significantly to economic development and employment generation. Western Odisha, known for its rich mineral reserves, has emerged as a key hub for non-ferrous metal industries, including aluminum, copper, and zinc processing. However, the sector faces challenges related to workforce skill gaps, outdated training methodologies, and limited industry-academia collaboration. This study critically examines the skill assessment and workforce development strategies employed in the non-ferrous metal processing industry in Western Odisha. The research focuses on assessing skill levels, training initiatives, and competency gaps among workers in both formal and informal sectors. A mixed-method approach, incorporating quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, has been employed to gather primary data from industrial units, vocational training centers, and policy stakeholders. The study identifies key areas where the existing workforce lacks proficiency, particularly in advanced metallurgical techniques, automation, safety compliance, and sustainability practices. Furthermore, it evaluates the role of skill development programs, government initiatives, and industry-led training efforts in bridging these gaps. A comparative analysis highlights the effectiveness of different training models, including on-the-job training (OJT), apprenticeship programs, and modular skill enhancement courses. The findings indicate that while several initiatives have been undertaken, there remains a gap between industry requirements and available skill sets. Companies often prefer semi-skilled or unskilled labor due to cost constraints, leading to limited investment in structured skill development programs. Moreover, the lack of standardized assessment frameworks affects the uniformity of skill accreditation, limiting career progression for workers. The study also examines the impact of technological advancements, such as Industry 4.0, automation, and digital manufacturing, on workforce skill requirements. While automation reduces manual labor dependency, it also creates a need for upskilling in process optimization, machine handling, and data-driven decision-making. The research explores how industries in Western Odisha are adapting to these changes and the extent to which their workforce is equipped for future industrial demands.