A Review of Sustainable Irrigation Practices and Technologies in India

Abstract

Sustainable irrigation is the intelligent use of watering plants in landscapes and agriculture to help satisfy their basic needs for survival and well-being. More than 80% of the freshwater withdrawals in the country result from irrigation, which is essential to agricultural output. However, traditional irrigation techniques have led to salinization, soil deterioration, and a shortage of water, endangering agriculture's long-term sustainability. Despite being vital to the country's economy, India's agricultural industry confronts obstacles in its pursuit of sustainable growth because of the negative effects of traditional irrigation techniques. In order to maximize resource efficiency and reduce environmental degradation, this study looks into sustainable irrigation techniques including micro-irrigation, solar-powered irrigation, and precision agriculture using AI and IoT technology. In line with the concepts of efficiency, ecological preservation, and ergonomics, the study investigates these sustainable practices in Uttar Pradesh and Punjab through primary research that includes farmer surveys and secondary data analysis. The study leads to an understanding that while addressing urgent environmental issues, sustainable irrigation techniques have enormous potential to stimulate agricultural expansion in India.